{"id":591,"date":"2015-08-19T06:14:48","date_gmt":"2015-08-19T10:14:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/?p=591"},"modified":"2016-02-10T11:44:19","modified_gmt":"2016-02-10T16:44:19","slug":"police-psychology-mental-shortcuts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/?p=591","title":{"rendered":"Police Psychology | Mental Shortcuts"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Police Psychology | Mental Shortcuts<\/h1>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Lately police officers are are being accused of using a lot of shortcuts in their psychology and mental processes.\u00a0 Profiling, prejudice and discrimination are buzz words for mental shortcuts and they have been used with police personnel all too much.\u00a0 This is a major concern in police psychology<\/span> and police stress.<\/span>\u00a0 We all look for shortcuts, whether it is a shortcut to get to the closest coffee shop before we crash from being overworked (despite already consuming 5 cups today), or a shortcut to help us finish our paperwork faster before the boss come crashing in your door expecting you should work even more than there are hours in a week (okay I am feeling a little overworked lately, what gave it away). Shortcuts, when used correctly, can be extremely useful as they maximize the amount of output you get for your invested time and effort. This is the primary reason shortcuts are so highly revered\u2014we are always looking for tips and tricks, the \u201ccut to the chase\u201d part, the \u201cin conclusion\u201d or \u201clesson\u201d. We live in such a fast-paced world that we need<\/em> these shortcuts to help us cope. (That\u2019s one of the reasons I include 3 simple steps at the end of all my blog posts. You\u2019re welcome.)<\/span><\/p>\n

The Tale of the Dog Poop<\/h2>\n
\"man<\/a>

In police psychology we encourage people to use heuristics in order to save their cognitive energy.<\/p><\/div>\n

In psychology, we have a word for mental shortcuts. It\u2019s called heuristics, which are rules of thumb, or tricks we use to speed up problem solving. When you use a heuristic, you are speeding up the cognitive process by immediately jumping to the most likely conclusions and solutions. Often, when you implement heuristics, you focus on one aspect of a problem or situation and ignore everything else. For example, if you see dog poop on the sidewalk, without even thinking about it, you would walk around it. You wouldn\u2019t bother to evaluate the situation and examine the poop to see if it really is poop. You wouldn\u2019t stop to consider if walking over it or around it is the faster route to your destination. You wouldn\u2019t stop and wait and see what other people are doing. Instead, without breaking stride, you would avoid the dog poop and not give it another thought. That\u2019s what heuristics allow us to do: make decisions quickly and effortlessly. Using a heuristic to help you problem solve is like using the escalator for a four-floor incline instead of the stairs. Both things will get you to the top, but one will get you there a little faster and with much less effort on your part.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Heuristics, Errors and Police Psychology<\/h2>\n

Here\u2019s an example: Jamal is 6\u201911\u2019\u2019 20-something African American that looks very athletic. What is his career? Professional Basketball player or a lawyer? You probably answered the former because it is easier to picture a tall, athletic, African American basketball player than it is to picture the same individual as a lawyer. In reality, there are about 1.3 million lawyers in the US and about 500 NBA basketball players. This is because you typically watch basketball games on TV where you see some people like this<\/a>, but it is rarer to watch lawyers sit around and debate on TV, so examples of tall, athletic, African American lawyers won\u2019t pop into your mind as easily. \u00a0Do we call that height profiling?<\/span><\/p>\n

Another example of availability heuristics shows up in a different fashion. Studies show that after Shark Week, there are less people who go to the beach. This is because after watching program after program showing various shark attacks, it is relatively easy for you to associate the ocean with sharks and thus scare you away. As soon as some time passes and images of shark attacks become less available to your mind, you will stop associating the two things with each other. You are just as likely to be \u2018shark sushi\u201d after a few weeks as before, but it doesn\u2019t feel that way so you use a heuristic.<\/span><\/p>\n

The representative heuristic, which is when we make decisions based on how close an example matches to our ideal or expected vision, rather than based on facts or probability. For example, I am a balding greying fifty-nine year old man with absolutely beautiful 8-year old daughter who was adopted from Russia. People assume it is my granddaughter and some even say it, \u201cYour granddaughter is beautiful.\u201d When I respond, \u201cthat\u2019s my daughter you idiot, so shove your heuristic up your butt,\u201d they get a little embarrassed and sometimes even a little offended, but I GET ENTERTAINED. (okay, I only think it, I do not say it.) Mis-identification is one of the major problems with heuristics.<\/span><\/p>\n

We also tend to use the confirmatory bias, or the base-rate fallacy when we use heuristics. If I were to give a jar full of 1000 jelly bean to a group of kids and say you could keep them if you guess how many. I would start off with saying 300, all guesses would be in that range despite there being 1000 jelly beans in the jar. As each child guesses closer to 300, it becomes hard to go outside that number. This would involve seeking out information that specifically supports an opinion or certain information you have, while ignoring examples or incidents that would suggest otherwise. More telling is the base rate fallacy in diagnosis. If you have a patient with some very specific symptoms that match an incredibly rare disease, it is still a much more realistic assumption for you to make that he has a more common disease, even if the symptoms don\u2019t match that generic disease perfectly. That is when a heuristic become dangerous.<\/span><\/p>\n

This is the main problem with using heuristics: it leads us to make many errors in judgment. At the same time, we need to rely on heuristics or else we would expend too much cognitive energy and resources on small problems, like how to avoid dog poop in the middle of the sidewalk. Heuristics help speed along the mental process, increase our efficiency, get our butts moving<\/a>, and direct us where to focus<\/a>\u2014but they must be tempered, controlled and evaluated before we give them too much credence. Heuristics lead to prejudice, stereotyping, profiling and media reports of judgement errors that make us look like idiots. Heuristics are often automatic and subconscious, and we need to bring them into the consciousness to control them. And in the age of cell phones, body cameras, and people willing to criticize your every move or lack of filtering, there is less tolerance for our brain farts caused by an old heuristic.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"Police<\/a>3 Steps to Bring Your Heuristics into Consciousness<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. \u00a0Educate Yourself. <\/strong>I know his sound a little too obvious to be in one of my steps, but heuristics is an important concept and you need to know the breadth of heuristics. There are social heuristics like imitating success, conformity and tit-for-tat, and personal heuristics like availability, representativeness and past going forward. You\u2019ve got to understand how these heuristics affect your life in order to make a change. So the first step is to spend an hour reading on heuristics. Even Wikipedia has good articles at https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heuristic<\/a> and https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_heuristics<\/a>. Knowledge will give you the major tool you need to go to the next step.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Recognize. <\/strong> You have to get yourself in the mode of seeing when you are using a mental shortcut in a situation. Prejudices, stereotypes and biases are sometimes good, but often lead you down a wrong path. Remember, the way people change is to first analyze what they are doing, then change while in the process. You must see yourself for what you are doing first, then you can move forward.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Apply Filters<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The last step is to apply filters to what you are doing. Think before your speak or act. Try to see the situation from a different angle. \u201cWhy is the person saying this?\u201d \u201cWill I get any advantage from adding my two cents at this point?\u201d These kinds of things will slow you down, but may help you by not making a huge mistake. When solving a problem ask yourself, \u201chow would _____ fix this?\u201d the blank of course being someone you respect to handle the problem. The goal is not to end shortcuts, but to cause yourself to not waste words and energy in areas that could do you detriment.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Gary S. Aumiller, Ph.D. ABPP<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    Please follow me on this blog by filling in your email address and click at left of the page at the top of the sidebar<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0Please share this with other people on your social network from down below.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0For books by Dr. Gary S. Aumiller got to http:\/\/www.myherodad.com<\/a> or http:\/\/www.myheromom.com<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    Join me on Facebook or Linkedin (see sidebar).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0 If you enjoyed this tip, sign up to receive updates for more posts on the latest in police psychology.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/body>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Police Psychology | Mental Shortcuts \u00a0 Lately police officers are are being accused of using a lot of shortcuts in their psychology and mental processes.\u00a0 Profiling, prejudice and discrimination are buzz words for mental shortcuts and they have been used with police personnel all too much.\u00a0 This is a major concern in police psychology and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17168884],"tags":[17168840,17168797,17168831],"class_list":["post-591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-motives","tag-heuristics","tag-police-psychology","tag-police-stress"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1036,"url":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/?p=1036","url_meta":{"origin":591,"position":0},"title":"Police Psychology | The Mental Game in Law Enforcement","author":"Gary Aumiller","date":"February 1, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Police Psychology | The Mental Game in Law Enforcement \u201c90 percent of the game is half mental\u201d (attributed to Yogi Berra) by Doug Gentz, Ph.D. - Psychological Services After you\u2019ve acquired the knowledge and skills required for any performance, further improvement depends on your ability to manage your nervous system\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Mastering Effort"","block_context":{"text":"Mastering Effort","link":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/?cat=17168880"},"img":{"alt_text":"performance 1 Police pscyhology","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/policepsychologyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/performance-1-300x16.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":995,"url":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/?p=995","url_meta":{"origin":591,"position":1},"title":"Police Psychology | A Toe for Mickey","author":"Gary Aumiller","date":"January 21, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Police Psychology | A Toe for Mickey \u00a0 Mike went down to the floor a couple of times. Doubled over, holding his stomach, wrenching, trying to catch a breath between the strokes of thesword that was ripping out his insides. 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Basically I had come up with this technique years\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Avoiding Being a Missing Person"","block_context":{"text":"Avoiding Being a Missing Person","link":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/?cat=17168886"},"img":{"alt_text":"Police psychology: time management matrix","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/policepsychologyblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/time-management-matrix-300x218.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":6005,"url":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/?p=6005","url_meta":{"origin":591,"position":3},"title":"Police Psychology: Good Stress: Bad Stress","author":"Gary Aumiller","date":"May 25, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Police Psychology:\u00a0 Good Stress: Bad Stress by Gary S. Aumiller Ph.D., ABPP \u00a0","rel":"","context":"In "Mastering Resilience"","block_context":{"text":"Mastering Resilience","link":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/?cat=17168882"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":5092,"url":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/?p=5092","url_meta":{"origin":591,"position":4},"title":"Police Psychology | The Obsessed Mind-Body Connection","author":"Gary Aumiller","date":"January 10, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Police Psychology | The Obsessed Mind-Body Connection by Gary S. Aumiller, Ph.D. ABPP","rel":"","context":"In "Mastering Thoughts"","block_context":{"text":"Mastering Thoughts","link":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/?cat=17168878"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6097,"url":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/?p=6097","url_meta":{"origin":591,"position":5},"title":"Police Psychology: 27 Symptoms of Anxiety","author":"Gary Aumiller","date":"June 15, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Police Psychology:\u00a0 27 Symptoms of Anxiety \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Site Administrator:\u00a0 Gary S. Aumiller, Ph.D. ABPP Please share this article from down below. Please join the email list on the top of the sidebar and you can get these sent to your email.\u00a0 Also follow me on Twitter (https:\/\/twitter.com\/ThinBlueMind) for\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Police Stress"","block_context":{"text":"Police Stress","link":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/?cat=17168885"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p60sbO-9x","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/591","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=591"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/591\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":664,"href":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/591\/revisions\/664"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=591"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/policepsychologyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}