Posts Tagged ‘police psychology’

Police Psychology | Memories, May Be Beautiful, but then…Wait! What was I Singing!

 

We are servicing an aging police population and thus police psychology has to consider topics that figure with ribbonescape younger people. For example, how many times have you put down your car keys for just a few minutes and then you forgot where you put it? Or your glasses? Or your book? Or your cell phone? Or how about forgetting the names of your child or spouse or pet, even just for a second? I can’t tell you how many times I say, “Come in here…um…uh…err…Fluffy!  Yes!  Fluffy! That’s your name!”  (That’s my dog, not my daughter) Am I going crazy? Am I losing my mind? Is it early Alzheimer’s? What’s going on here?

CRS Disease

CRS disease is a common affliction that affects many individuals, particularly middle-aged and older men and women. CRS disease—an acronym for “can’t remember sh**” (or, more pleasantly, “can’t remember stuff”)—is unavoidable. We all will get to a point where we just can’t seem to remember anything. Not the name of our co-workers, or the name of our favorite restaurant, or even the address of our best friend’s home. It is inevitable, it is expected—and it is scary. Imagine a police officer on the stand who has rehearsed what they were going to say 50,000 times, and now can barely remember their name.  I can tell you firsthand that it sucks to remember the name of my favorite actress from my favorite movie one instant, and the next instant forget such a person exists. Where did that information go? I knew it just a second ago! Did it pick some dark recess in the fold of my cerebral cortex to settle down and taunt me? I can all but picture a wiry-looking neuron lying out in a beach chair, telling its friends, “Gary thinks he remembers the name of his favorite actress. Hah! I’ll show him who’s in charge.”

Okay, maybe my neurons aren’t deliberately out to get me. But still, how is it I can’t seem to remember as much as I used to be able to? I used to be able to read something interesting and recall it days later, source and all. I used to remember the names, faces, and extended families of all my co-workers and clients. I used to remember everyone’s birthday or phone number without the use of reminders from my phone. In fact, I used to remember everything my wife told me to do so she never had to ask me twice (okay maybe not that one). Where did all my memory go?

The Causes of CRS

Then I couldn’t find the bathroom and I walked directly in the police psychology, Post it boycloset…. Oh wait I was writing about something else…uh, oh ..memory, that’s right! There are a number of possible sources for CRS syndrome (or as the DSM labels it: “Amnestic disorders”). First, it is possible it is caused by medical factors, like trauma, a virus, or a head injury. When I had open-heart surgery, I had (and still have) a problem with retrieval. I looked at a fan in the corner of my office, and couldn’t come up with the name of the device. Five minutes later I remembered and have not forgotten it since, but first time retrieval after surgery was difficult. In open heart procedures, this is called “pump head,” from being on a pump that keeps your blood circulating. To determine if this is the case, talk to your local health care professional, or better yet talk to others who have been through the procedure. You’ll be surprised what you find out.

Other causes may lie in a relaxed sense of attention or vigilance. In your past, you may have had more energy or more motivation to notice everything. When you put your glasses down, you may have taken a split second to stare at the bananas right next to it on the counter, so when you go back to get your glasses, you have an easier time remembering where you put them. The more energy we exert with focusing and paying attention, the greater likelihood we will remember the information we observe or hear.   Remember, memory comes from rehearsal, playing the event over in your mind, and when you stop rehearsing events in your life, you won’t remember as much. Age takes away that rehearsal that is subliminal, that occurs over and over when we are younger.  And yes, a psychologist practicing police psychology should know this stuff from seeing so many police officers over a career.  But as important, you need to have a grasp of memory if you are working with officers whose work relies heavily on their ability to recall.

Another cause can be over-stimulation. When we are younger, we have less things going on in our minds. Perhaps all we cared about was playing with our friends outside, or buying that new video game, or doing our homework. As we get older, we are presented with greater stimulation and responsibility. No longer must we just remember our own friend’s names—now we need to remember the names and addresses of our children’s friends, and our spouse’s friends, and our co-workers, and relatives. On top of that, we need to focus on paying the bills, and getting our kids to all their lessons and clubs on time. And showing up to their games. And submitting all our reports to our bosses. And cleaning the house and cooking dinner. And remembering the family reunion scheduled later this week. And the fact that we need to buy more bread and cereal. And who got pissed at us last week because we innocently said something they didn’t like. And…you get the point. There is so much going on in our lives that our brain needs to make room for everything. And it does this by pushing out some information that may not be as important as others. So instead of that wiry neuron lounging on a chair mocking me, it’s probably a disheveled neuron trying to force its way passed hundred of thousands of other neurons in its way, “Excuse me, pardon me, sorry, I need to get by you please. Gary would like to remember the name of his favorite actress.” Packed in between all the other information I store in my brain, it’s no wonder some information gets lost or sidetracked on its way to my mouth. The sheer enormity of everything we need to recall as we get older can have an enormous detriment on our memory processes.

So yesterday, I was talking to this officer and describing the first twilight transitional stage of sleep where you start jerking and have some hallucinations, and how it is what meditation is made of, and you can cover for a lack of sleep if you get there, and I can’t remember the damn name so I start stalling, and he notices and says…”can’t remember the name, huh?” I said “No idea.” He laughed and said, “let’s talk about my kids and we’ll come back to it.“ “Hypnagogic” I said five minutes later. We both laughed as it is not an everyday word. It now had a name and he was halfway to resolving it. With a little hypnosis I was able to change his pre-sleep state. And that’s the key. Move on and let it come back to you naturally. Usually it is a retrieval problem not a “forgot-the-concept” problem.

CRS may seem completely debilitating and disheartening, but don’t forget that you are not alone. We all suffer from varying degrees of CRS disease, and the more advanced in years you are, the greater your CRS is likely to be. Don’t look at it as a negative thing—see it as a badge of honor: you lived through a lot, you survived this long, you deserve a little breather from remembering every little detail. So fuggettaboutit.

Police psychology: simple steps

  1. Relax — This is easy advice to give and not so easy to accomplish. You are joining a large club with many, many members. The CRS clan. You will survive without great retrieval skill and you will get to do some major work. Remember, Frank McCourt didn’t publish until he was well over sixty. Philip Marlowe didn’t appear until the author was well into his fifties, and Mary Wesley was seventy before she got published. It is the same in any field. You don’t lose it all until you stop using it. But the retrieval might be a little slower. You make up for it with other things.
  2. Don’t’ Be Afraid to Use Prompts — Prompting is using outside sources to jar your memories. Find things that are close to the topic of what you have forgotten. Thank heaven for the internet because nine of ten times you can type in keywords and by the bottom of the page you got it. Take your time and get it. Most of the times you won’t forget it again.
  3. Commiserate With Others – There are two types of persons over 40, those that admit occasional memory lapses and pure unadulterated liars. Tell others your best story of forgetting and listen to theirs. It will not help you RS but frankly it will make you feel good about laughing at yourself. Tell your local person practicing police psychology.  Nothing helps a person better than having someone else riding the same journey with them.

Gary S. Aumiller, Ph.D.

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Police Psychology | I Said Blog – Not BLOB

 

The police force has been around for years, and yet police psychology is a relatively new field. police psychology, blobThis is a really fascinating concept, because police stress is not a new thing—it’s as old as the job itself! But expanding police psychology is not the only thing that needs to be updated in this field: blogging and creating a strong online presence is also important in order to help cops deal with police stress.

I often hear the question, “Is blogging really important? Can blogging really have a strong impact on your company and the world?” The answer to this is an emphatic “yes.” A “yes” with an exclamation point. Blogging can be extremely beneficial for your company and your own personal career advancements, and I’m going to explain why. But first, let’s explore the history behind blogging.

The History of the Blog

Although blogging seems very popular today, this wasn’t always the case. The first blog was actually not created until 1994, when a college student named Justin Hall decided to share his favorite links and ideas with his friends and the world. At this time, he had to manually upload links to a website he called Links.net. In 1997, Jorn Barger coined the term “weblog,” replacing the term “personal webpage” that Hall had used. Eventually, this term was shortened further into the common “blog” that we know today.

Blogs pretty quickly gained popularity. In 1998, The Charlotte Observer blogged Hurricane Bonnie in order to provide the public with live updates on the hurricane before their competitors. Quickly, blogs were not just used for personal updates and the news, but they spread into the political and corporate spheres. Blogs have also sparked a number of controversies. For instance, when political candidates make controversial comments, it is often blogs that call the public’s attention to these facts. One famous example of this was when U.S. Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott made a comment in support of Thurmond, who was a supporter of racial segregation. This comment was largely overlooked in the media, however, many bloggers called attention to his comment, creating a strong outpouring of unrest among the public. In addition, in 2002, Heather Armstrong was fired for bashing her employer and discussing her job on her blog. “Dooced” (named after her blog) became a verb that means, “fired for blogging,” and can be found in the Urban Dictionary, and has even been used as a question on Jeopardy!

But not only that, a 2009 mainstream movie, entitled Julie & Julia, documented the true-story of a food blogger. In this movie, which won many academy awards, Julie Powell (played by Amy Adams) decides to challenge herself to cook every single recipe recorded in one of Julia Childs (played by Meryl Streep) recipe books in one year. Powell documented her journey on a blog, and this whole experience changed her life completely. Interspersed with scenes based on Child’s autobiography, this film explores how the advent of blogging can change a person in many ways, providing people with new meaning and purpose. This film is the first major motion picture that is based on a blog.

And then there is the best blogger out there, Stan, the Dog with a Blog. It is a Disney show about a talking dog that blogs about his secret ability and canine views to the delight of an audience in the millions. Now that is a blog I wish I could read weekly.

Since its beginnings, blogging has amassed a strong following, escalating to hundreds of thousands of blog posts being updated every day. Amid all this clutter and noise from the blogosphere, you must be asking yourself, “So is there any point in creating my own blog?” Well, like I said earlier, you should definitely invest the time and effort in doing so. In fact, I’m going to make the claim that if you don’t have a blog that you update regularly with interesting and original content, your company can end up a little behind the times.

The Benefit of a Blog

Blogs are beneficial to your company for a number of reasons: they increase your company’s visibility on the web, drive traffic to your website, increase your rankings, help you develop better costumer relationships and build trust, and they even mark your company and brand as a leader in your respective industries. How?

When you write an interesting article on a topic that your client-base cares about (for instance, if you are a clothing store owner, you should write about your products and how to style them), they will want to explore your website. This also proves to them that you know what you are talking about, that they can trust your expertise and opinions. You’re not just telling them that you’re the best, you’re showing them and proving to them why you are worth their time and money by writing blog posts that demonstrate your knowledge and skills. In other words, blogging is a way for you to market not just your products, but your skills for business and services, as well. The more varied posts you write, the more you are proving to the world that you are a well-versed expert, and an authority in your field.

In addition, blogging helps you get your brand image and your vision out there for people to see. When embedded in a website, it increases your search engine rankings so you will be positioned higher on the lists. Lastly, when you communicate your ideas in your blog and reply to other people’s comments, you are building relationships with the consumer. In the future, they will turn to you for your advice, for your product, for your skill, and for your company.

Now, here is a benefit that wouldn’t be obvious. Blogging helps you personally by helping you organize your thought. If you are an older person, it helps you put on paper what you have learned through the year. If you are a younger person, it helps you to learn more things by researching the content. And there is probably a strong therapeutic effect of getting out opinions and ideas. It generally is pure magic for catharsis in these ways.

So can you change the world with a blog post? Maybe not the whole world yet, but definitely a part of your world. You can influence thousands and hundreds of thousands of people who read your blog and learn to trust your advice. You can get recognition for your company, and you can create a new organization to the way people view something. Should you start a Blog? Decide what you want to achieve and go for it. My goal was to bring police psychology to the forefront of law enforcement officer’s minds and make officers more aware of police psychology. What will yours be?

 

  1. Police psychology: simple stepsWrite frequently and get others to write for you.   Writing is like anything else, the more you do it, the better it is. Guest blog for others first, maybe even for a year. You must get in the habit of writing frequently and in one format. You can only do that through writing.
  2. Write original content. You can have a blog that reproduces others works, but the most effective blogs produce their own content. If this is too much of a challenge, or too time consuming, get some college kids or graduate student to write first drafts for you. Remember, people love being reminded of what they already know and have forgotten.
  3. Listen to your viewers—if they request a certain topic, write it for them, reply to their comments, communicate with them, listen to their ideas and critiques, etc. An open ear beats an open mouth all the time and in blogs that is crucial.

Gary S. Aumiller, Ph.D.

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Let’s Talk Numbers

By Yocheved “Ayden” Pahmer

Police Psychology — let’s talk numbers. There are many cops out there. In fact, according to studies done by the U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, there are over 1.1 million cops in the United States. That number doesn’t include part-time employees, volunteers, or support staff. Further, these numbers are from way back in 2008—the numbers have increased significantly since then. With numbers as great as this, it is not surprising that a few of these individuals take advantage of the resources available online. For example, the Facebook site for Law Enforcement Today has 411,132 people that liked it (as of September 25, 2015). PoliceOne on Facebook has 716,435 likes.

There are 151,604 people with a “Police Officer” title on LinkedIn, and 33, 318 listed as Police Chiefs. You do much better when you search for individuals with a “Law Enforcement” title on LinkedIn, but bear in mind that such a qualification includes a lot of different professions under its broad banner. In fact, according to a study by the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), only 23.1% of police departments in the United States use LinkedIn.

Many departments are considering implementing social media training for their officers. According to the IACP study, 71.7% of agencies have a social media policy already in place; an additional 12.2% are currently creating a policy or plan to create one. The benefits to encouraging police officers and police departments to use the Internet and social media website are countless. One specific benefit, however, is that it will open the door for many cops to take advantage of the vast online resources available to them. This same IACP study shows that many cops are concerned about their personal safety when it comes to creating accounts on various social media websites. The training their department can provide can help teach these cops how to navigate the dangers of social media and avoid any and all pitfalls.

How to Build Online Connections

So, the cops that do not currently have any online presence are really beyond our reach when it comes to connecting with other cops on the Internet. But how do you go about contacting and connecting with cops that are on the Internet? Well, perhaps the easiest method, and one that my boss has me implementing personally, is go onto LinkedIn, search for people with a “police officer” or “law enforcement” title, and then connect with them. You will not be able to connect with everyone, but systematically go through all the results and connect with whomever you can. Once they accept your connection, it’s always a good idea to send them a nice, personalized email to tell them who you are and thank them for connecting back. Then, once you connect with them, you can scroll through their connections, and connect with those connections in turn. In our office we have only begun this process really, but we connected to 1500 officers we weren’t connected with before in a very short time.

Another way to connect with people is by looking online for information about different conferences and police retreats. For example, the Society for Police and Criminal Psychology has a website that describes their annual conference. If you don’t have the time or resources to attend these conferences, you can still scroll through the conference programs, read the abstracts of the presenters, and find the researchers on Facebook or LinkedIn, and connect with them there. Make sure to include a personalized letter explaining that you read about their research and are interested in the same field of study. The National Law Enforcement Officers website describes some events you may want to look at.

The Problem With Age

There is one important consideration that cannot be ignored: age demographics. Bear in mind, the most popular social media websites, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest attract a much younger demographic. Pew Research Center suggests that as many as 41% of older individuals do not go online frequently, let alone use the Internet to communicate with other people (and don’t even get me started on their cell phone use, or lack thereof). Further, it was suggested that as many as 56% of them indicated that they would require assistance if they wanted to use any of these “new” websites, such as Facebook or Twitter. There is definitely an upward trend here (a few years ago, numbers were closer to 20% of these older people using the Internet), but when we’re talking about a field that is saturated more with older individuals than many other fields, sometimes you will get skewed data. This may account for why there are not as many police officers online as you would expect given how many there are in reality. It’s important for these individuals to understand, however, that sometimes change is good. Not just good—great, beneficial, even. It may be difficult to get started, but once you do, you’ll see how useful Internet resources and Internet connections really are.

Now there are tons of communities that are “Law Enforcement Only” which are basically Facebook bulletin boards that have tens of thousands involved in them. I can look them, but I am unable to actually join them to find out their numbers (they’re law enforcement only). It might be interesting to combine with a cop and go after some of those sites as well. The possibilities are endless in the social media market.

Overall, the Internet can provide a new frontier in which you can connect with other like-minded individuals who share your interests, profession, and even many of your experiences. Now all we need to do is go out there and connect with as many of these individuals as we can. Cops are already seen as a tight fraternity, a family, a brotherhood, a sisterhood. But, together, we can build up this community even more.

Yocheved “Ayden” Pahmer is a senior at Yeshiva University in psychology wanting to be a police psychologist. She is applying to graduate school. Last school year she started working as a paid intern with Dr. Gary Aumiller and now writes first drafts of this blog for him.  This blog was not edited by Dr. Aumiller.  She is presenting a poster at the Society conference.

Gary S. Aumiller, Ph.D.

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Police Psychology | Are You Cooperative or Competitive?

 

This question resonates for all police psychology from testing to operational to consulting to working with the officer in a therapeutic role.  Are you cooperative or competitive? In order to understand this question better, we need to understand the specific Police psychology, competitivedifferences between these two mental attitudes. Cooperation is when people act together for the mutual benefit of all involved parties, so that all of them can obtain a specific goal. Competition is when an individual acts for his own personal benefit so that he can obtain a goal that is of limited availability. So when you are playing a board game with only one winner, chances are you will feel a sense of competitiveness, because the goal (ie. being the winner) is of limited availability, what with only one spot available. Yet when you are working on a team project, chances are you will tend to exhibit cooperative behavior because the goal (getting a good grade) is not awarded to only one person in the group.

Game Theory

In this post I want to discuss something known as game theory, specifically the prisoner’s dilemma,and how it realates to something we all want—Trust. The prisoner’s dilemma is based on a hypothetical case in which you have two prisoners (prisoner A and prisoner B, creative huh?) taken into custody and placed in separate interrogation rooms. In order to convict these individuals, the police needs a confession from at least one of the prisoners. Obviously each prisoner has two options: he can either confess or not confess. The outcome depends on how each of the prisoners respond. If both prisoners remain silent and do not confess, they are charged with a misdemeanor. If both prisoners confess, they will be charged with a felony, but recommended for a moderate sentence. If prisoner A confesses and prisoner B remains silent, prisoner A will have his charges dropped and prisoner B will be charged and receive the maximum sentence (and vice versa). To make this a little clearer, let’s examine a chart. The numbers used for sentencing in the chart below should just be seen as placeholders representing any range of larger sentencing.

police psychology, game theory

Obviously the best option for each prisoner is to confess while the other remains silent, because then they do not get punished at all in that case. In other words, each prisoner gains the most if they choose to cooperate while the other prisoner competes. However, it is likely that both prisoners will weigh their options and come to this same conclusion, leading to a scenario where they both decide to confess (hoping the other stays silent), thus causing them to both serve a moderate sentence. However, there is a better option for these prisoners: if they both remain silent and do not confess, they will only get charged with a misdemeanor, a slight offense with very low consequences. It would make the most sense for the prisoners to mutually agree to just stay quiet.

The Power of Trust

But studies in which people were placed in this type of situation show that most individuals choose to compete. Why? I can suggest two possible reasons. One, each person is trying to look out for their own best interests, which would fall into the category of confessing and hoping the other person does not. Another reason is that the individuals don’t trust each other. In the prisoner’s dilemma, the police count on this: they are hoping each person confesses, or at the very least that one person confesses, so that they can get their conviction. They are counting on the fact that the prisoners won’t trust their partner, and they will get the conviction they need.  Police psychology must be aware of this because psychologists are dealing with people who must trust their partners everyday in very different ways.

There are many other examples of cooperation and competition that crop up in the media. One recent example came from a teacher at the University of Maryland. The teacher included a very controversial question on his final examination for the semester:

“Here you have the opportunity to earn some extra credit on your final paper grade. Select whether you want 2 points or 6 points added onto your final paper grade. But there’s a small catch: if more than 10% of the class selects 6 points, then no one gets any points. Your responses will be anonymous to the rest of the class, only I will see the responses.”

Obviously the best option for each individual student is to select the extra 6 points (and hope most of the class doesn’t pick this too), but if every student makes this judgment call, then no one will receive the extra points. In this case, cooperation is really the only way that the class can benefit…but cooperation requires trust, and trust is hard to come by. (In case you are curious, more than 10% of the students selected 6 points, and so no one received the extra credit.)

Studies like these suggest a very simplistic idea: cooperation is better than competition. And yet in practice, cooperation requires something elusive and often lacking: trust. If only people trust each other more, everyone can benefit from something that is of limited availability.

Bottom Line

So where am I going with this you may ask. If you never get arrested, you have no dilemma, right? Not so quick Speedy Gonzales!   Not at least in police psychology.  If you are your kid’s favorite parent, what is your spouse? You can either allow this acclamation from your child or confront it. “You don’t need to pick a favorite, just say we are both your favorites.” Kid will learn quickly that mom and dad are together, and trust it. Or the kid will learn he or she can split their parents and raise the roof as a teen. Believe it or not, adult bosses do the same thing, in fact, it is one of the techniques used in gaining power in the workplace. “Boss, you shouldn’t have favorites, but thank you for liking my work this week. We work as a team though,” is better than revealing in being your bosses favorite. It is hard to gain trust back after you have lost it, and setting yourself apart through this kind of manipulation gets around and divides an office. Trust comes when you let people know your work will set you apart, not other people’s feelings about you.  If trust is broken in a police relationship it can be deadly.

And what happens when you come across that person who says they will be silent but talks to save themselves? The damage they do to anyone who sees this act will be ten times the sentence you will receive. You will come out ahead.

Trust me on that one!

 

Police psychology: simple steps3 Attitudes that Gain Trust

  1. Deflect the credit – Allow your teammates or the people close to you share in the credit. Don’t allow individual praise split your team. “I am the hero today, someone else will be tomorrow,” is the attitude you need to endorse. Many people fake this attitude, but you should live it. People will know who did the individual work, you don’t need to tell them.
  2. Consistency – This one should go without saying. You can be spontaneous in other parts of your life, but in areas where trust is needed you have to respond consistently. People that depend on you need to have some idea how you are going to respond. There is some taking advantage of people who are predictable, but consistency is the major builder of trust.
  3. Always Be the One Who Remains Silent — If you have a cooperative agreement, you must remain the silent one, the one that sticks with the agreement. People who don’t can’t often live with themselves despite the outcome. Don’t allow what others are doing affect your personal belief system and your soul. It may take time, but you will be a lot better off taking the punishment, than living with the broken promise.

Gary S. Aumiller, Ph.D.

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Police Psychology | Funeral for a Friend

by Kammie Juzwin

Like many of us, I am sitting here tonight with a heavy heart at the loss of so many police officers in violent altercations, the funeral, Police pSychologycurrent culture and attitudes towards our first responders. In my role as a Police Psychologist, I’ve had a really hard string of days emotionally, coming back from yet another conversation with someone in distress about working as “the police”. It’s been like that for almost two weeks. The recent media attention on police deaths is tragic, but there was some degree of insulation as it was “there”. But, it came home on Tuesday 1 September 2015, when an agency local had an officer die in the line of duty. This is about 30 miles north from my department, and many officers I know have personal and professional ties to the officers, department and/or case. I have ties to that department. It has occupied the news here, both in print and on-air. It hit the national news as well. Throughout the days as I’ve had calls from, and had face time, with commissioners, officers, family members and administrators, I’ve come to know their grief, fear, shock and anger.

I turned on the news and saw my officers there. I got to my department as soon as I could, and stayed until I had eyes on my guys when they came off their detail. Silly, I know. I didn’t expect to talk to them then, but somehow needed to see them in person to assure their well-being. I walked through my department and discovered we had several officers there on-scene. I also learned the extent my department of sheepdogs was chomping at the bit to get there and help too. They felt angry they couldn’t rotate in for the others who had worked in brutal conditions in the field all day. They felt like they weren’t supported by their department to go help when help was truly needed. They had been taking calls and texts all day from family, friends and significant others wanting to make sure they were safe. A few teary girlfriends and wives had called and had the “I don’t know if I can do this with you” conversation, which the officers struggled with because of their desire to move closer in to the scene. Their ambivalence was palpable.

I’ve offered support through the Northern Illinois CISM Team, which had a support role there. An aside, I am a proud member of this group, and so proud of the professionals and the services they provide. I tried to support the coordinator the best I could as she tried to set up defusings and map out the longer term debriefing services that would be offered.

funeral, police psychology, police stressI attended the funeral. It was a lot to take in and process. I saw the long lines of the public, the Freedom Riders and military standing roadside, the lines of officers and families’ string into the high school. It was the only place large enough to house the service, and they still had to limit the fire service from attending. They instead stood on the procession route, at attention, waiting to pay their respects.

There were civilian and officer viewing times, with the funeral being set for the time all officers were there. Line after line after line of groups of officers stood waiting. One was at least 100 strong, they came from all over the country, local, state, federal and I saw a few international officers too. I stood within this sea of uniforms, and watched the tears, the shaking shoulders, and stares off into the distance throughout the events. I saw the lines, officer after officer, united by a badge with a singular purpose. I also saw laughter, handshakes and hugs. I heard the word ‘brother’ over and over. I listened to the bag pipes as the casket was moved to the hearse, as people stood at attention, the crowd rapt in silence, with tears sliding down own faces.

The saying “Many Badges, One Family”, observed on several signs along the road, was certainly a truth.

I also rode in the procession the whole 18 miles, which was very emotionally moving and exhausting. It was a privilege. Scores of people, departments and businesses stood at the side of the road. It seemed everything was awash with blue and black ribbons and signs of support. Signs reflected support for him, for the department, and their loss. People were weeping, cheering, holding signs, blowing kisses to the cars as they passed. People were standing at attention, holding their hands over their hearts, waving flags, calling support to each department as we passed. Signs also reflected support for the police in general as well. The retired military stood straight and tall at attention next to an American flag. They, too, were often weeping. One image that sticks in my mind was a solitary standing figure of a young adult who had obvious multiple impairments, attempting to salute, his crooked arms and fingers at his brow, tears just streaming. His thin shoulders were shaking and his sorrow apparent. There were children with blue tears painted on their faces, signs reflecting police as their heroes. I held my composure until near the end when we went under an overpass and it was silent, where the signs, flags and buntings spoke volumes. It was beautiful, profound and so sad.

Since then, the conversations have gotten harder. My heart hurts for the sadness I see on their faces, in their eyes, and hear in their voices. The helplessness I hear at not having a resolution is painful. I hear the fear and apprehension for news they are pretty sure is coming next in the media. There is no good way out of this situation

but only through it.

The longer it is in the media and unresolved, the more contentious it is becoming and the community can barely tolerate the fear they are experiencing while it is still in investigation phase. It is hard to watch, hard to wait and hard to tolerate the speculation. There have been a series of interviews where the undercurrent between the various parties implies the worst about the way the other party is handling some aspect of the case. The community waits, fearful of murders amongst them. How long can this tension and fear last before it becomes anger or disillusionment?

Then as we came into the second week, the tone amongst the officers has shifted from grief, to restless disbelief and apprehension for the worst case scenario. Given their training, they speculate, knowing their own set of facts, their hypotheses, and their tendencies are to resolve the riddle. When we talk, they wonder aloud. Everyone I’ve spoken with knows a little piece of something, and each conversation gives me a piece from their perspective or experience. The speculation is rampant about the events, the details and what happened. The alternative hypotheses abound. Being curious, I so badly want more details to clarify or verify, but know that is not what the purpose of the conversation. It all makes sense, none of it makes sense. It is painful to watch and hear, at the personal officer level, at the larger police culture level, and potentially now, for our society.

Reviewing and trying to make sense of the details they know aside, if I summarized the conversations, they would seem to flow like this:

1. It’s easier to believe it happened when it is somewhere else.

2. Maybe public sentiment will turn the tide, and they will see we bleed too.

3. Sure they love us when they’re scared, sheep always love us when they are scared or feel threatened.

4. What’s wrong with me that I’m thinking this might be a suicide?

5. What if it is a suicide?

6. If it was a suicide, he still deserved the funeral, the memorials, the attention of the community. I will stand by that forever.

7. How can I handle the betrayal if it is? I helped look for those people of interest, I did….., I went to the funeral, I cried, I held my wife’s hand and cried like a baby, and if it is suicide? What about the family? The explorers, especially the ones who went into the profession because of him?

8. The community will blame us, and me personally, for letting them believe that we deserve their support and love. For the spectacle, for the intrusion on the lives, for the fear that was not necessary. The hate will really start, maybe even justifying their (mis)beliefs about our jobs in their society.

9. Why should they trust us? I don’t think I can trust us.

10. If this could be the cause where a guy as squared away as he was could do this, what about the other guys who I look up to, how can I trust them?

11. Who in my department is going to do something like this, so I have to go through this again? Do I have to look at every squared away – “got it all together” guy with skepticism now? I already worry about …..

12. I am embarrassed, angry, bitter, and my wife is besides herself thinking that I’m next.

13. Why bother? They hate me when it’s good, they hate me when it’s bad.

14. I love what this badge stands for, but I don’t know if I can keep the battle up with the war inside and outside.

15. Just tell us the answer of the manner of death, give us the facts, let the community know what it needs to know, the truth. Support them through the same grief, disbelief and anger we feel. If they could only understand we’d feel the same sense of betrayal and anguish they feel.

16. What is this industry going to do about all this? Where is the leadership on the daily level?

17. What about the next LODD? Will the community trust us to catch the person? What if it is me next? Someone I know? If it is a suicide, what will that mean for us? For the community?

18. What about the young guys, the new ones? What about their families? Why should they stay in? People want to kill us, it’s open season on us. We have suicide rates and health problems and hate society back. Why bother? I should just do my time and get out.

19. What will I do when I get out, I’m “the police”, it isn’t what I do, it is who I am.

Cops being cops, the conversations have been pushing towards resolution, and their cynicism and career experience is creating a vast range of possibilities of what really happened in the events that led to his death. At this point, I know much too much, and much too little. It is hard to know what is and is not fact, and everything I’m hearing is plausible. As it is an open investigation, I can’t comment about the specifics as I write this to bring clarity. When they move to the personal impact on themselves, I don’t know how to help them other than listen, validate, support, and remind them of why they started in this profession. I know whatever I do is going to feel to me that I am helpless to stop this tidal wave. If I could just deal with this officer and his death, that would be one thing, but this is about a societal thing that is going to get worse before it gets better. “The Police” will be in the cross-hairs of society as both enemies and protectors, and the scrutiny will get worse for them before it gets better. Each officer I talked with made a statement to me acknowledging this burden they carry. This event was bigger than the death of my brother, it impacted my entire family, and me personally, they seem to say. I sit and absorb this heaviness. How do you respond in any effective way? What is the answer?

Was the death a homicide, accidental or self-inflicted? Once this line of thinking started, my core went from sad and wondering to how to take care of my folks in the larger context of society and what might happen to law enforcement and its officers. I felt defeated. I cried. I had a crisis of faith in mankind. I reached out to others. Our fear for our officers contains commonalities:

1. The community at large, at best, is ambivalent towards its police. The sheep love the police when they are afraid.

2. The police officers I observed were profoundly moved by the outpouring of support for the officer, his family and department by the community.

3. The police officers I observed were profoundly moved by the outpouring of support for the police by the community. This event became more than about one officers’ death; it became a cause for this community to demonstrate support for “the police” as a whole.

4. If it is determined to be anything other than a homicide, this may be a devastating blow to law enforcement as a whole across the nation. They feared they wouldn’t recover, that there was no way to save face.

So here is my “working” approach. I ask how they are doing, to which they always reply “fine”. I smile and nod. I chat, cleverly distracting them (well at least in my mind), about whatever. Eventually the real conversation begins. I try to be the support they need. I also work from the assumption that they are indeed managing and doing what they need to do to be effective in their roles. In the absence of data suggesting otherwise, that is a fair thing to do. An incident, even one as significant as this, may not be a significant incident to the individual, where there may be lasting trauma. People have emotions and reactions to situations. Understanding that is

important. Understanding that this experience does not warrant a FFDE is also important, unless there is indeed evidence for this. A lot of guys “joked” if I was going to send them for a FFDE because they cried at the funeral. I hugged them, and I’m sure they might have preferred the FFDE.

Very often my conversations are about how you can be wrestling with something, and yet be functioning well. You can be sad or angry, and yet not be consumed by it. People can be resilient and manage to be many things at once. The goal is not to absent of emotion or reaction, but to be integrated and adaptive. To maintain one’s humanity, while in a challenging culture and set of demands. There is delineation for them, different than compartmentalization or minimizing. It is our job to observe for when that becomes problematic and blatantly obvious, and intervene accordingly when impairment is obvious.

Another attribute is that they see life beyond a career, where they take their skills and knowledge into another phase of their life. I need to look closer at the literature about rates of accident and injury close to transition periods in their careers. I see this as a major area where we can be helpful. How do we help with transition anticipation and transition for this group?

The most frequently repeated topic is there is a pride in wearing the badge and uniform, that it actually an exemplification of what they believe in their core. The internal locus of control centered in values that are integrated into their identity. This is an important observation in my healthier officers. It is a lifestyle they would lead even if they weren’t officers. For those whose identities are values based, being an officer allows them to live congruently with their values, and they seem to be processing through these events differently than those who don’t present with that set of beliefs. But when the core beliefs and values come under fire, they hurt down to their soul.

One officer said something like this to me today, “this is what we do, we face the things society gives us.” He spoke of weathering the storm, regardless of the animosity, while praying that the support they received as real, that it doesn’t get revoked. Although he has aspirations of life beyond this career, this career allows him the best quality of life he can imagine. After the two weeks we’ve all had, a moment of hope occurred in that second for me. If they can weather it, I’ll be in good company while I try too.funeral 3

Thank you for allowing me to share these rambling thoughts with you. I appreciate any comments, supportive suggestions and directions to help me help my sheepdogs. I don’t know how to protect them from what might be coming. Sometimes, being a Keeper of the Sheepdogs sucks, but man, I wouldn’t want to be anywhere but there. Peace, Kammie Juzwin

Gary S. Aumiller, Ph.D.

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